HumCore-Tarzan-2022

(background:#d9d9d9)[''(align:"=><=")[ Welcome!]'' The following choose-your-own-adventure story walks you through an example of the beginning stages of working on the Research Project for Humanities Core. * Read the story and make decisions along the way of what to do next. The story will change according to the decisions you make. * There are no right or wrong answers. Each choice you make will take you to a different part of the story, but all paths will eventually lead to a conclusion. * The entire story should take about 10-15 minutes. * At the end of the story, you will be prompted to complete a short reflection on the exercise. Your seminar instructor will provide instructions about if and how to submit this reflection for participation credit. (align:"=><=")+(box:"==XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX===")[[[''Let's Go!''|Scenario]]] * <a href="pdf/Humanities Core Tarzan Simulation.pdf" target="blank">PDF Version of the Tutorial </a> * <a href="https://www.lib.uci.edu/accessibility" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Accessibility Needs </a> ]

(background:#d9d9d9)[ Recently, in your free time, you were listening to a podcast that discussed Ibram X. Kendi’s book <a href="https://uci.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01CDL_IRV_INST/12i4laf/alma991035146203204701" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">//Stamped from the Beginning: The Definitive History of Racist Ideas in America//</a>. While listening, you take note of an interesting claim that Kendi explores about the 1914 Edgar Rice Burroughs novel //Tarzan of the Apes// - which became one of the most re-told stories in the 20th century, appearing in books, plays, comics, films, cartoons, musicals, etc. In his book, Kendi claims “It is hard to imagine a more famous fictional character during the twentieth century than Tarzan--and it is hard to find a more racist plot than what Burroughs wrote up in the Tarzan adventure books, which he was writing and publishing almost up until his death in 1950” (300). It occurs to you that Tarzan, a white orphan raised by apes in Central Africa, might be a great topic for your Humanities Core Research Project. In fact, you remember seeing the animated Disney adaptation of Tarzan as a kid. You also notice that the library has the original text by Burroughs available online, and that there are //many// other versions of Tarzan books and movies. You decide that you might be interested in exploring one or more of these as a potential primary source for your project. ''Choose a primary source:'' * [[The Edgar Rice Burroughs novel (1914)|Book-Intro]] * [[The animated Disney movie (1999)|Movie-Intro]]]

(background:#f1eee8)[ ''You chose to examine the novel.'' <img src="images/Tarzan-Book-Cover.jpg" alt="silouette of man sitting on tree branch with leaves and Tarzan of the Apes title in background" /> You find a copy of the 1914 novel <a href="https://uci.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01CDL_IRV_INST/7bumlo/cdi_gutenberg_primary_78" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">//Tarzan of the Apes// by Edgar Rice Burroughs</a> at UCI Libraries through their catalog, UC Library Search. As you begin to skim through the text, you notice that there are //a lot// of themes, quotes, and scenes that you could write a paper about; it's a little overwhelming. You think that you could either set aside some time to delve into the text more closely, or you could start with some preliminary background research about this novel. After all, you only just learned about it from that podcast... ''What do you want to do next?'' * You want to [[look more closely at the text|Book-Primary]] * You want to [[do some preliminary background research about the novel|Book-Google]] ]

(background:#f8f7ed)[ ''You choose to explore the Disney version of Tarzan (1999)'' <img src="images/tarzan-poster.png" width="233" height="334" alt="poster for animated Walt Disney movie Tarzan foregrounds male figure standing in the jungle in foreground and supporting characters in the background"/> You found the Disney version on Disney Plus. You vaguely remember seeing this when you were really young (maybe on a DVD?) but you don’t really remember it. You figure that you might want to just dive right in and watch it. On the other hand, you might benefit from doing a quick bit of background research on this movie first. ''What do you decide to do? '' * [[Watch the film and take some notes|Movie-Primary]] * [[Do some preliminary background research|Movie-Google]] ]

(background:#f1eee8)[ You decide to take the time to ''look at this text more closely'', as this seems like a very viable primary source to you. While you read, you think about how you might identify passages, themes, or topics that deal with “Animals, People, and Power.” You also consider some of the research methods that you learned about in Core, and you decide that for now you will try to identify a few passages to conduct a close reading (as described in the “Literary Analysis and Close Reading” chapter of the //Humanities Core Handbook//) and see if that strategy opens up more avenues for deeper research. [[''Continue''->Book-Primary-2]] ]

(background:#f1eee8)[ ''Do some preliminary background research'' You decide that you want to do a little bit of preliminary research on Tarzan before you really invest more time into reading this book. Because it’s really early on in the process, you decide to just do a simple internet search. You Google Tarzan, but what you find in the first three pages of results are a lot of reviews of the Disney movie (and other Tarzan movies). There is a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarzan" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">''Wikipedia article on Tarzan''</a>, and it’s surprisingly robust (of course, you know that you want to verify information on Wikipedia, but this seems like a reasonable first step). Wikipedia has several interesting subtopics listed, including a section about themes of race and gender in the text, which suggests other secondary sources. The fact that you are seeing some references even in a Wikipedia article makes you think that if you did a more thorough search for secondary sources on either race and Tarzan or gender and Tarzan (or maybe both!), you’d probably find something. On the other hand, at this stage in the research process, maybe you’d be better off by taking the time to actually read the book more closely. After all, you still haven’t totally committed to using this as your primary source... ''What do you do next?'' * [[Go back to the book and read it more closely->Book-Primary]] * Look a little further into [[secondary sources that explore race and Tarzan|Book-Google-Racism]] * Look a little further into [[secondary sources that explore gender and Tarzan|Book-Google-Gender]] ]

(background:#f1eee8)[ ''You choose to explore the theme of racism.'' You decide to focus on Chapter 9 (titled “Man and Man”) for now, where Tarzan encounters other humans for the first time. Upon reading the text more closely, you are struck by the many ways in which the text presents Black indigenous peoples as “primitive” and “savage” in comparison with Tarzan. You recall the chapter on “Cultural Studies and Ethnography” in the //Humanities Core Handbook// and can definitely find textual evidence of ''ethnographic voyeurism''. You find yourself especially troubled by a scene where Tarzan kills Kulonga (the indigenous prince, a Black man) by hanging him from a tree - a scene that reminds you of lynchings of Black Americans by the KKK and other hate groups. [[''Continue''->Book-Primary-Racism-2]] ]

(background:#f1eee8)[ ''You choose to explore the theme of gender construction.'' You decide to focus on Chapter 20 (titled “Heredity”) for now, where you encounter several passages that describe and construct Tarzan and Jane’s gender. For example: “The face above her was one of extraordinary beauty… a perfect type of the strongly masculine, unmarred by dissipation, or brutal or degrading passions…” The chapter has numerous examples of how masculinity is presented as heroic, physical, and “civilized,” meaning European. There is a lot of additional textual evidence in this chapter of how gender intersects with race, particularly in how Tarzan’s manhood and Jane’s womanhood are constructed in opposition to apes as well as to “primitive” peoples. As you explore the text further, you start to find additional passages that construct what it means to be a “civilized” (and therefore desirable) human female in opposition to female apes or in opposition to females of the indigenous Waziri tribe. [[''Continue''->Book-Primary-Gender-2]] ]

(background:#f8f7ed)[ ''You decide to watch the film. '' You get comfy on your couch and watch the movie, taking a bunch of notes along the way. Mostly, you were watching for narrative and thematic elements this first time around. You take a look at your notes and put them all on a separate sheet of paper, into a loose <a href="https://sites.google.com/uci.edu/humcore-research/toolkit/mind-map" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">mind map</a> to explore if certain themes or elements might be connected. Here is what you came up with in your first go-around: <img src="images/movie-primary-mindmap.png" onclick="window.open(this.src)" alt="Mindmap that demonstrates a brainstorming strategy by noting important characters and themes" /> (text-colour:navy)[//(click above image to enlarge it in a new tab)//] This seems interesting, and it starts to open up some questions and avenues for research. But you still haven’t included any observations of more formal elements - like framing, cinematography, editing, etc - into this initial set of observations, because you weren’t watching the movie for those elements the first time around. On the other hand, maybe you should do a little more contextual background research. ''What do you want to do next?'' * [[Watch the film again|Movie-Primary-Analysis]] and this time start noting formal elements * Conduct some [[contextual background research|Movie-Primary-Google]] ]

(background:#f8f7ed)[ ''You choose to do background research first.'' You decide that you want to do a little bit of preliminary research on Tarzan before you watch this movie. Because it’s really early on in the process, you decide to just do a simple internet search. You Googled Tarzan, but what you found in the first three pages of results were a lot of reviews of the movie (and other Tarzan movies). There is a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarzan" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Wikipedia article on Tarzan</a>, and it’s surprisingly robust (of course, you know that you would want to verify information on Wikipedia, but this seems like a reasonable first step). The article has a lot of information about the book by Edgar Rice Burroughs. Unfortunately, you aren’t really finding out much about this film other than the fact that it made a lot of money, meaning that it was pretty popular when it was released. You feel pretty unsure of what to do now. On the one hand, you haven’t watched the movie yet, so maybe you should just go and do that now. On the other hand, you feel like maybe you’d be more successful with this research project if you went with a book or something. Or…on the third hand (do you have a third hand?), maybe you should just see if you can find more scholarly sources about this Tarzan movie first? ''What do you decide to do next?'' * [[Go watch the movie->Movie-Primary]] * [[Go check out the book instead->Book-Intro]] * Go see if you can find more [[scholarly sources about the movie first->Movie-Google-Secondary]] ]

(background:#f8f7ed)[ ''Do some background research'' You decide that you want to do a little bit of contextual research on Tarzan now that you’ve watched this movie. Because it’s still early on in the process, you decide to just do a simple internet search. You Googled Tarzan, but what you found in the first three pages of results were a lot of reviews of the movie (and other Tarzan movies). There is a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarzan" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Wikipedia article on Tarzan</a>, and it’s surprisingly robust (of course, you know that you would want to verify information on Wikipedia, but this seems like a reasonable first step). The article has a lot of information about the book by Edgar Rice Burroughs. It also seems to have some sections about themes of race and gender in Tarzan, but again, these are in relation to the book, and not the Disney film. In fact, you aren’t really finding out much about this film other than the fact that it made a lot of money, meaning that it was pretty popular when it was released. This doesn’t seem helpful to you in advancing your project right now. Maybe you need to do a little more analysis of the film so you have something more concrete to research. Or, maybe you want to check out the book instead? You could potentially do some kind of comparative analysis… ''What do you do next?'' * [[Do some more analysis on the film->Movie-Primary-Analysis]] * Take a look at the novel [[//Tarzan of the Apes// by Edgar Rice Burroughs->Book-Intro]] ]

(background:#f8f7ed)[ ''Watch the film more closely and do some analysis'' While you did take a lot of notes the first time you watched the movie, you didn’t really take any notes on any of the film analysis elements that you are learning in HumCore lectures and in the //Humanities Core Handbook// chapter on “Film Analysis.” Your seminar instructor also pointed out this <a href="https://sites.google.com/uci.edu/filmanalysisinhumanitiescore/home?authuser=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Film Analysis in Humanities Core website</a>. A friend of yours also suggested that you check out the YouTube channel <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/everyframeapainting" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">//Every Frame a Painting//</a> to see more examples of film analysis. You figure you're on the lookout for things like this: * ''Mise-en-scene -'' including composition, setting, realism vs expressionism, movement * ''Cinematography -'' including color, framing, point of view, lighting * ''Sound -'' including diegetic or non-diagetic sound, music * ''Editing -'' sequencing, montage, cuts, continuity editing, shot/reverse shot vs alternatives After watching the movie again and taking more notes, you put together a second mind map that looks like this: <img src="images/movie-primary-analysis.png" onclick="window.open(this.src)" alt="Mindmap that demonstrates a brainstorming strategy that details elements of film analysis like editing and sound" /> (text-colour:navy)[//(click image to enlarge it in a new tab)//] [[''Continue''|Movie-Primary-Analysis-Inf]] to the next step. ]

(background:#f8f7ed)[ You now have two mind maps and notes of observations you’ve made of the film. Time to stop and think for a bit…What is this film trying to say? How does this connect to animals, people, and/or power? What theories have you already been introduced to in Core, and what else do you need to know? In Core, you’ve been introduced to the framework of cultural studies and ethnography through various lectures but also in the chapter “Cultural Studies and Ethnography” by Annie Yaniga in the //Humanities Core Handbook//. This particular chapter cites many other writers who have explored how cultural texts like film or novels can uphold or subvert hegemonic ideologies (such as Eurocentrism or capitalism or patriarchy). [[''Continue''->Movie-Primary-Analysis-Inf-2]] ]

(background:#f8f7ed)[ ''Explore the idea of patriarchy in Tarzan'' You decide to explore the idea of patriarchy in Tarzan. Because this particular film is a popular Disney film, you look a little more at the “Cultural Studies and Ethnography” chapter in the //Humanities Core Handbook// for guidance. You are thinking about the “hegemonic ideology” of patriarchy, and how this film seems to uphold it. You also think that maybe there is something about this being a Disney film also - after all, Disney has a pretty strong track record of creating very specific gendered stereotypes. You think that you could probably find some secondary sources if you did a keyword search on patriarchy and Disney. Maybe you should do this in a library catalog or database, or in Google Scholar. On the other hand, you also notice that the “Cultural Studies and Ethnography” chapter also has a pretty robust bibliography. You’ve been told by your seminar instructors about the importance of using bibliographies, so you think it might be useful to just track down a book or article that you already know about. After all, you’re still just exploring the secondary source landscape. ''What do you want to do next?'' * [[Track down the titles you already know about->Movie-Primary-Analysis-Inf-Gender-Bib]] * [[Search for secondary sources->Movie-Primary-Analysis-Inf-Gender-Key]] using the keywords patriarchy and Disney ]

(background:#f8f7ed)[ ''Explore the idea of Eurocentrism in Tarzan'' You decide to explore the idea of Eurocentrism in //Tarzan//. Because this particular film is a popular Disney film, you look a little more at the “Cultural Studies and Ethnography” chapter in the //Humanities Core Handbook// for guidance. You are especially interested in the section that describes the history of ethnography and the idea that non-Western civilizations are “savage” or “animal.” You think learning more about this framework could help you make an argument about how the Disney version of Tarzan presents “humanity” as distinctly white and European. You also wonder if there is a larger-context question in here about how Disney presents race - are Disney films racist? After all, you originally picked this idea because of that podcast where Ibram Kendi talked about Tarzan being a racist text to begin with. You think that you could probably find some secondary sources if you did a keyword search on racism and Disney. Maybe you should do this in a library catalog or database, or in Google Scholar. On the other hand, you also notice that the “Cultural Studies and Ethnography” chapter also has a pretty robust bibliography. You’ve been told by your seminar instructors about the importance of using bibliographies, so you think it might be useful to just track down a book or article that you already know about from this bibliography. After all, you’re still just exploring the secondary source landscape. ''What do you want to do next?'' * [[Track down the titles you already know about->Movie-Primary-Analysis-Inf-Race-Bib]] * Do a search for [[secondary sources using the keywords Disney and racism->Movie-Primary-Analysis-Inf-Race-Key]] ]

(background:#d9d9d9)[ ''Resources For You'' Other resources available to you as you continue to work on this project: * The Library's <a href="https://sites.google.com/uci.edu/humcore-research/home" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">''Humanities Core Research Tutorial''</a> ** This tutorial generally maps out what you did in this Tarzan story (which roughly covers Stages 1 and 2 of the research process) ** The Toolkit section provides specific guidance on techniques like Keyword and Boolean searching, using databases, and using bibliographies and “cited by” tools * The Library's <a href="https://guides.lib.uci.edu/humcore" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">''Humanities Core Research Guide.''</a> ** Annotated lists of databases and places to find primary and secondary sources ** The Tutorials tab links to all of the tutorials developed for HumCore, including this Tarzan story, the Tutorial linked below, and quick videos of how to use specific databases * Make a free <a href="https://spaces.lib.uci.edu/appointments" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">''30-minute research consultation''</a> with a Humanities Core librarian. Zoom or In-Person appointments available. We can help fine-tune a search strategy, or help you find or select databases or resources. * Make a free <a href="https://www.writingcenter.uci.edu/appointments/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">''consultation appointment with a Writing Center specialist or Peer Tutor''</a>.Discuss strategies in how you’re organizing your paper, how you’re integrating sources, or how to convey your ideas clearly, and more! * Talk with your professor during office hours! ''Congratulations, you have completed this research tutorial! Good luck with your project.'' * My seminar instructor would like to see a <a href="https://uci.libwizard.com/f/HC-Tarzan_2022" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">''certificate that I've completed this tutorial''</a> * I'd like to [[''do this research simulation again''->Instructions]]! ]

(background:#d9d9d9)[ ''Talk to a librarian'' You make an appointment for a research consultation with a Humanities Core librarian. After talking through the assignment and your research path so far, the librarian asks you about what kind of analysis you’ve done with your primary source (the movie), and what research question you are asking. You don’t have a very good answer. In fact, you admit that you haven’t even really watched the movie. The librarian suggests that you should watch the movie. After all, you need to first determine if this is even a primary source that is going to interest you before you invest all this energy into secondary research. The librarian makes sure that you know where the <a href="https://guides.lib.uci.edu/humcore/home" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Humanities Core Research Guide</a> is, and also points out the <a href="https://sites.google.com/uci.edu/humcore-research/home" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Humanities Core Research Tutorial</a> website, which outlines the various stages of the research process. You start to realize that you haven’t even really evaluated your primary source yet - and you’re jumping into all this other research. No wonder you felt so ungrounded! The librarian also suggests that you <a href="https://sites.google.com/uci.edu/humcore-research/toolkit/mind-map" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">create a mind map</a> - not just to consider viable primary sources, but even as a way to organize your thoughts as you are evaluating your primary source (or in other stages of the research). After concluding the research consultation, you decide that you definitely need to watch the movie next. [[''Continue to the Film''->Movie-Primary]]]

(background:#f1eee8)[ ''You choose to explore the Disney adaptation of Tarzan (1999), possibly as a point of comparison'' You’ve done some close reading of the original text of Tarzan, but you are also interested to see how later adaptations may have changed the story. After all, you learned in your visual analysis paper in Winter Quarter that sometimes, a comparative method of looking at two things can reveal new points of interpretation. You find the Disney version on Disney Plus and decide to take a look. A simple internet search tells you that this movie grossed almost $450 million when it was originally released, so you know it was very popular. You make yourself comfortable and turn on your TV… [[''Continue''->Movie-Primary]] ]

(background:#f1eee8)[ ''Exploratory context/secondary source research'' You decide to explore some more secondary sources that explore race and Tarzan, because maybe this will help you start to frame your own argument or interpretation. You start with a very simple internet search. There is a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarzan" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Wikipedia article on Tarzan</a>, and it’s surprisingly robust. It has several interesting subtopics listed, including a section about themes of race and gender in the text, which suggests other secondary sources. You know that you could just continue to do more searches using the keywords racism and Tarzan, but maybe in a library catalog or database, or at least on <a href="https://scholar.google.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Google Scholar</a>. However, you already have some titles that you could look up right now. You recall that your interest in exploring Tarzan in the first place came from Ibram X. Kendi’s discussion of it in his book //Stamped From the Beginning: The Definitive History of Racist Ideas in America// (2016). You also have the names of a few books just from the Wikipedia article (you feel pretty lucky about this), including Gail Bederman’s //Manliness and Civilization: A Cultural History of Gender and Race in the United States, 1880-1917// (1995). You wouldn’t be surprised if you could find additional research threads by consulting one or more of these books and tracking down their bibliographies... ''What method do you want to use to try to find more secondary sources?'' * [[Track down the sources you already know about|Book-Primary-Racism-Sec-Bib]] * [[Do a search for additional information using keywords|Book-Primary-Racism-Sec-Key]] ]

(background:#f1eee8)[ ''Track down one of the titles you already know about'' You decide to track down a title you already know about. After all - you feel pretty lucky that you found some references already, so you figure you should at least check them out. Who knows - they may lead you somewhere. The titles you are looking for are all books, so you decide to look in the UCI library catalog, called <a href="https://uci.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/search?vid=01CDL_IRV_INST:UCI&sortby=rank" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">UC Library Search</a> (chosen from its description in the <a href="https://guides.lib.uci.edu/humcore/home" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Humanities Core Research Guide</a>). You try a few of the titles, and find that the library has a copy of //Manliness and Civilization: A Cultural History of Gender and Race in the United States, 1880-1917// by Gail Bederman available as an e-book. This is what your search looked like: <img src="images/Manliness-Civilization.png" alt="UCI Library Search record displaying online availability of text Manliness and Civilization A Cultural History of the US 1880 to 1917" /> * [[''Open the book''->Book-Primary-Racism-Sec-Bib-2]] ]

(background:#f1eee8)[ ''Search for secondary sources using keywords'' You decide to do a keyword search to explore whether there are some secondary sources out there that might help you get a handle on this topic. You first organize some keywords, and first consult with the <a href="https://sites.google.com/uci.edu/humcore-research/toolkit/keywords" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Humanities Core Research Tutorial</a> site to refresh your memory about keywords. Obviously, your first keyword is “Tarzan.” You also want to use the word “racism,” but you also realize that the word “race” might not come up in a search unless you include that term also. You aren’t really sure where to start, but since you have already done a simple internet search, you decide to use a library resource this time. You take a quick look at the <a href="https://guides.lib.uci.edu/humcore/home" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Humanities Core Research Guide</a> for some descriptions of various databases. You decide to start with the UCI library catalog, called <a href="https://uci.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/search?vid=01CDL_IRV_INST:UCI&sortby=rank" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">UC Library Search</a>, because the description says that this tool will look for books and also articles. Since you don’t really know what type of secondary source you’re looking for yet, you figure this might be a good place to start. [[''Continue''->Book-Primary-Racism-Sec-Key-2]] ]

(background:#f1eee8)[ ''Explore the historical context of race in 1914'' It occurs to you that you only have a vague idea of what racism might have been like in 1914, when this book was published. That’s why you decide to take a step back and research this a bit. Your first strategy is to open up Google and type in “racism 1914.” While that brings up a few encyclopedia-type articles about World War I, this doesn’t seem to be giving you the results you want. Then, you remember that you got into this topic to begin with because you were listening to a discussion of Ibram Kendi’s //Stamped From the Beginning: The Definitive History of Racist Ideas in America// (2016). You feel very smart (and lucky!) to remember this. So you look up that book in <a href="https://uci.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/search?vid=01CDL_IRV_INST:UCI&lang=en"; target="_blank">UC Library Search</a>, and find that UCI has it online (again, lucky!). Because it’s an e-book with a search feature, you can just search for the word “Tarzan” in the text, and you find a chapter that talks about how the book Tarzan was written within a context of scientific racism and the rise of the KKK (and now you also remember Professor Imada talking about scientific racism in Winter Quarter lectures!). You also learn more about the beginning of the Jim Crow laws and segregation in post-Reconstruction US. These all seem like good potential keywords to keep in mind for later. [[''Continue''->Book-Yay]] ]

(background:#f1eee8)[ ''You're well on your way!'' At this point, you are well on your way in terms of getting your research started. You probably have a viable primary source to work with (the //Tarzan of the Apes// novel), and you have done a preliminary scan of some secondary sources, so you have a bit of an idea of what’s “out there.” These won’t be your final sources, but you have a sense that there are sources you can start to engage with. You should now start to think about what claims you might want to make about this work based on your research and analysis so far. Once you have that worked out, you can start to sketch out what evidence you find in your primary source analysis to support your claims. You can also continue to look into what kinds of scholarly conversations are already out there about aspects in your paper that you’ve identified. You might also want to review some of the various theoretical and methodological frameworks you’ve learned in core (e.g. ethnography, gender studies, historical analysis, comparative analysis) and think about what approaches interest you the most, or would advance your claims the best. ''//You// control the direction of your inquiry at this point.'' You can go back over some of the choices you made in this tutorial and follow different paths. You should also expect to go back and do some of these paths again (e.g. searching with keywords, or looking up bibliographies) at a later stage in your research. [[''Resources for You''->Resources For You]] ]

(background:#f1eee8)[ ''Explore context/start secondary source research'' You decide to explore some more secondary sources that explore race and Tarzan, because maybe this will help you start to frame your own argument or interpretation. You start with a very simple internet search. There is a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarzan" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">''The Wikipedia article on Tarzan''</a>, and it’s surprisingly robust. It has several interesting subtopics listed, including a section about themes of race and gender in the text, which suggests other secondary sources. You know that you could just continue to do more searches using the keywords racism and Tarzan, but maybe in a library catalog or database, or at least on Google Scholar. However, you already have some titles that you could look up right now. You have the titles of a few sources just from the Wikipedia article (you feel pretty lucky about this), including Gail Bederman’s //Manliness and Civilization: A Cultural History of Gender and Race in the United States, 1880-1917// (1995). You wouldn’t be surprised if you could find additional research threads by consulting a source like this and tracking down the bibliographies... Or, maybe you would get further by looking up more about the historical context of gender in the time period when Tarzan was written (1914), since you don’t really know much about that. ''What do you want to do next?'' * [[Track down the sources|Book-Primary-Gender-Sec-Bib]] you already know about * [[Do a search for additional information|Book-Primary-Gender-Sec-Key]] using keywords * [[Do a little more background research->Book-Primary-Gender-Sec-Hist]] on the historical context of gender in the US when //Tarzan of the Apes// was written (1914) ]

(background:#f1eee8)[ ''Explore the historical context of gender in 1914'' It occurs to you that you only have a vague idea of how people might have been thinking about gender in 1914, when this book was published. That’s why you decide to take a step back and research this a bit. Your first strategy is to open up Google and type in “gender 1914.” While that brings up a few encyclopedia-type articles about World War I, this doesn’t seem to be giving you the results you want. Rather than blindly Googling some more, you take a moment to reflect on what you might already know about gender or women about a hundred years ago. You vaguely recall that during the 2020 elections people were saying it was the 100th anniversary of the women’s right to vote in the US. You change your keywords to “women’s rights movement,” and that yields more helpful timelines and websites. This does seem to give you a little more general background context that you might be able to use later as you make a claim, but this kind of feels like a sidebar to research about gender and //Tarzan//. Maybe you should explore some more scholarly secondary sources? Remember you already have a few titles you could look up… or you could keyword search gender and Tarzan… ''What do you choose to do next?'' * [[Track down one of the titles you already know about->Book-Primary-Gender-Sec-Bib]] * [[Explore additional secondary sources using keywords->Book-Primary-Gender-Sec-Key]] ]

(background:#f1eee8)[ ''Track down one of the titles you already know about'' You decide to track down a title you already know about. After all, you feel pretty lucky that you found such references already, so you figure you should at least check them out. Who knows - they may lead you somewhere. You decide to look for //Manliness and Civilization: A Cultural History of Gender and Race in the United States, 1880-1917// by Gail Bederman. Because this is a book, you decide to look in the<a href="https://uci.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/search?vid=01CDL_IRV_INST:UCI&sortby=rank" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">UCI library catalog, called UC Library Search</a>. Luckily, you find that it is available as an e-book. This is what your search looked like: <img src="images/Manliness-Civilization.png" alt="UCI Library Search result showing online availability of text Manliness and Civilization: A Cultural History of Gender and Race in the US 1880 to 1917"/> * [[''Open the Book''->Book-Primary-Gender-Sec-Bib-2]] ]

(background:#f1eee8)[ ''Search for secondary sources using keywords'' You decide to do a keyword search to explore whether there are some secondary sources out there that might help you get a handle on this topic. You first organize some keywords, and first consult with the <a href="https://sites.google.com/uci.edu/humcore-research/toolkit/keywords" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Humanities Core Research Tutorial</a> site to refresh your memory about keywords. Obviously, your first keyword is “Tarzan.” You also want to use the word “gender,” but you also realize that the words like “masculinity” or “women” might not come up in a search unless you include terms like this also. For now, you decide to just go with “gender OR masculinity,” and if you need to add other related terms, you will do so later. You aren’t really sure where to start, but since you have already done a simple internet search, you decide to use a library resource this time. You take a quick look at the <a href="https://guides.lib.uci.edu/humcore/home" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Humanities Core Research Guide</a> for some descriptions of various databases. You decide to start with the UCI library catalog, called <a href="https://uci.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/search?vid=01CDL_IRV_INST:UCI&sortby=rank" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">UC Library Search</a>, because the description says that this tool will look for books and also articles. Since you don’t really know what type of secondary source you’re looking for yet, you figure this might be a good place to start. [[''Continue''->Book-Primary-Gender-Sec-Key-2]] ]

(background:#f1eee8)[ ''Look for secondary sources on race and Tarzan'' You decide to explore some more secondary sources that discuss race and Tarzan, even though it is still pretty early in the research process. You know that you could just continue to do more searches using the keywords racism and Tarzan, but maybe in a library catalog or database, or at least on <a href="https://scholar.google.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Google Scholar</a>. However, you also know that you already have some titles that you could look up right now. You recall that your interest in exploring Tarzan in the first place came from Ibram X. Kendi’s discussion of it in his book //Stamped From the Beginning: The Definitive History of Racist Ideas in America// (2016). You also have the names of a few books just from the Wikipedia article (you feel pretty lucky about this), including Gail Bederman’s //Manliness and Civilization: A Cultural History of Gender and Race in the United States, 1880-1917// (1995). You wouldn’t be surprised if you find additional research threads by consulting one or more of these books, and tracking down their bibliographies... ''What method do you want to use to try to find more secondary sources?'' * [[Track down the sources you already know about|Book-Google-Racism-Bib]] * [[Do a search for additional information using keywords|Book-Google-Racism-Key]] ]

(background:#f1eee8)[ ''Look for secondary sources on Gender and Tarzan'' You decide to explore some more secondary sources that explore the idea of gender and Tarzan, even though this is still pretty early in the research process. You know that you could continue to do more searches using the keywords gender and Tarzan, but maybe this time in a library catalog or database, or at least on Google Scholar. However, you also know that you already have some titles that you could look up right now. You also have the titles of a few sources just from the Wikipedia article (you feel pretty lucky about this), including Gail Bederman’s //Manliness and Civilization: A Cultural History of Gender and Race in the United States, 1880-1917// (1995) and an article by Thomas F. Bertonneau’s titled “Edgar Rice Burroughs and Masculine Narrative.” You wouldn’t be surprised if you could find additional research threads by consulting one or more of these sources and tracking down their bibliographies... Or, maybe you would get further by looking up more about the historical context of gender in the time period when Tarzan was written (1914), since you don’t really know much about that. ''What method do you want to use to try to find more secondary sources?'' * [[Explore the historical context of gender in 1914->Book-Google-Gender-Hist]] * [[Track down sources you already know about->Book-Google-Gender-Bib]] * [[Do a search for additional secondary sources using keywords->Book-Google-Gender-Key]] ]

(background:#f1eee8)[ ''Explore the historical context of gender in 1914'' It occurs to you that you only have a vague idea of how people might have been thinking about gender in 1914, when this book was published. That’s why you decide to take a step back and research this a bit. Your first strategy is to open up Google and type in “gender 1914.” While that brings up a few encyclopedia-type articles about World War I, this doesn’t seem to be giving you the results you want. Rather than blindly Googling some more, you take a moment to reflect on what you might already know about gender or women about a hundred years ago. You vaguely recall that during the 2020 elections people were saying it was the 100th anniversary of the women’s right to vote in the US. You change your keywords to “women’s rights movement,” and that yields more helpful timelines and websites. This does seem to give you a little more general background context that you might be able to use later as you make a claim, but this kind of feels like a sidebar to research about gender and //Tarzan//. Maybe you should explore some more scholarly secondary sources? Remember you already have a few titles you could look up… or you could keyword search gender and Tarzan... ''What do you choose to do next?'' * [[Track down one of the titles you already know about->Book-Google-Gender-Bib]] * Keep exploring some other [[secondary sources by using keywords->Book-Google-Gender-Key]] ]

(background:#f1eee8)[ ''Track down one of the titles you already know about'' You decide to track down a title you already know about. After all, you feel pretty lucky that you found such references already, so you figure you should at least check them out. Who knows - they may lead you somewhere. The titles you are looking for are all books, so you decide to look in the <a href="https://uci.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/search?vid=01CDL_IRV_INST:UCI&sortby=rank" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">UCI library catalog, called UC Library Search</a> (chosen from its description in the <a href="https://guides.lib.uci.edu/humcore/home" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Humanities Core Research Guide</a>). You try a few of the titles, and find that the library has a copy of //Manliness and Civilization: A Cultural History of Gender and Race in the United States, 1880-1917// by Gail Bederman available as an e-book. This is what your search looked like: <img src="images/Manliness-Civilization.png" alt="UCI Library Search result showing online availability of text Manliness and Civilization: A Cultural History of Gender and Race in the US 1880 to 1917" /> * [[''Open the Book''->Book-Google-Gender-Bib-2]] ]

(background:#f1eee8)[ ''Search for secondary sources using keywords'' You decide to do a keyword search to explore whether there are some secondary sources out there that might help you get a handle on this topic. You first organize some keywords, and first consult with the <a href="https://sites.google.com/uci.edu/humcore-research/toolkit/keywords" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Humanities Core Research Tutorial</a> site to refresh your memory about keywords. Obviously, your first keyword is “Tarzan.” You also want to use the word “gender,” but you also realize that the words like “masculinity” or “women” might not come up in a search unless you include terms like this also. For now, you decide to just go with “gender OR masculinity,” and if you need to add other related terms, you will do so later. You aren’t really sure where to start, but since you have already done a simple internet search, you decide to use a library resource this time. You take a quick look at the <a href="https://guides.lib.uci.edu/humcore/home" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Humanities Core Research Guide</a> for some descriptions of various databases. You decide to start with the UCI library catalog, called <a href="https://uci.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/search?vid=01CDL_IRV_INST:UCI&sortby=rank" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">UC Library Search</a>, because the description says that this tool will look for books and also articles. Since you don’t really know what type of secondary source you’re looking for yet, you figure this might be a good place to start. [[''Continue''->Book-Google-Gender-Key-2]] ]

(background:#f1eee8)[ ''Examine the primary source (the novel) more closely'' Now that you have done a cursory exploration of the secondary landscape that exists around the topic of gender and Tarzan, you decide that you really need to tackle the novel itself. As you read, you try to identify passages that deal with racism that you can use to conduct a close reading (as described in “Literary Analysis and Close Reading” chapter of the //Humanities Core Handbook//). Chapter 20 describes Tarzan’s interactions with Jane, a white European woman. In this chapter you are struck by the use of stereotypical ideals of masculine and feminine bodies, and how masculinity is presented as heroic, physical, and “civilized,” meaning European. You find a lot of additional textual evidence of how gender intersects with race, particularly in how Tarzan’s manhood and Jane’s womanhood are constructed in opposition to apes as well as to “primitive” peoples. As you explore the text further, you start to find additional passages that construct what it means to be a “civilized” (and therefore desirable) human female in opposition to female apes or in opposition to females of the indigenous Waziri tribe. At this point, you feel pretty good about the viability of this text as a primary source, and you are fairly confident that you want to continue to explore the theme of gender construction in this text, and maybe how it intersects with other themes. You also feel like you have a good starting place to engage with some secondary sources. [[Continue->Book-Yay]] ]

(background:#f1eee8)[ ''Track down one of the titles you already know about'' You decide to track down a title you already know about. After all, you feel pretty lucky that you found some references already, so you figure you should at least check them out. Who knows - they may lead you somewhere. The titles you are looking for are all books, so you decide to look in the <a href="https://uci.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/search?vid=01CDL_IRV_INST:UCI&sortby=rank" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">UCI library catalog, called UC Library Search</a> (chosen from its description in the <a href="https://guides.lib.uci.edu/humcore/home" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Humanities Core Research Guide</a>). You try a few of the titles, and find that the library has a copy of //Manliness and Civilization: A Cultural History of Gender and Race in the United States, 1880-1917// by Gail Bederman available as an e-book. This is what your search looked like: <img src="images/Manliness-Civilization.png" alt="UCI Library Search result showing online availability of text Manliness and Civilization: A Cultural History of Gender and Race in the US 1880 to 1917" /> * [[''Open the Book''->Book-Google-Racism-Bib-2]] ]

(background:#f1eee8)[ ''Examine the primary source (the novel) more closely'' Now that you have done a cursory exploration of the secondary and scholarly landscape that exists around the topic of racism and Tarzan, you decide that you really need to tackle the novel itself. As you read, you try to identify passages that deal with racism that you can use to conduct a close reading (as described in “Literary Analysis and Close Reading” chapter of the //Humanities Core Handbook//). Chapter 9 describes Tarzan encountering other humans for the first time, who happen to belong to an indigenous African tribe. You are very struck by the fact that the name “Tarzan” is supposed to mean “white skin,” and how this chapter in particular seems to show how racism works as a power structure vis-a-vis Tarzan’s encounters with apes and Black indigenous humans. Specifically, you find many passages where the text presents Black indigenous peoples as somehow “primitive” and “savage” in comparison with Tarzan. You recall the chapter on “Cultural Studies and Ethnography” in the //Humanities Core Handbook// and can definitely find textual evidence of ''ethnographic voyeurism'', and you find yourself especially troubled by a scene where Tarzan kills Kulonga (the indigenous prince, a Black man) by hanging him from a tree - a scene that reminds you of lynchings of Black Americans by the KKK and other hate groups that would have happened around the time this novel was published. At this point, you feel pretty good about the viability of this text as a primary source, and you are fairly confident that you want to continue to explore the theme of racism in this text. You also feel like you have a good starting place to engage with some secondary sources. [[''Continue''->Book-Yay]] ]

(background:#f1eee8)[ ''Explore the historical context of race in 1914'' It occurs to you that you only have a vague idea of what racism might have been like in 1914, when this book was published. That’s why you decide to take a step back and research this a bit. Your first strategy is to open up Google and type in “racism 1914.” While that brings up a few encyclopedia-type articles about World War I, this doesn’t seem to be giving you the results you want. Then, you remember that you got into this topic to begin with because you were listening to a discussion of Ibram Kendi’s //Stamped From the Beginning: The Definitive History of Racist Ideas in America// (2016). You feel very smart (and lucky!) to remember this. So you look up that book in <a href="https://uci.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/search?vid=01CDL_IRV_INST:UCI&lang=en"; target="_blank">UC Library Search</a>, and find that UCI has it online (again, lucky!). Because it’s an e-book with a search feature, you search for the word “Tarzan” in the text, and you find a chapter that talks about how the book Tarzan was written within a context of scientific racism and the rise of the KKK (and now you also remember Professor Imada talking about scientific racism in Winter Quarter lectures!). You also learn more about the beginning of the Jim Crow laws and segregation in the post-Reconstruction US. These all seem like good potential keywords to keep in mind for later. At this point, you feel like you have a lot of background information to work with already, so you should probably turn your focus back to your primary source (the Tarzan novel by Edgar Rice Burroughs), to make sure that this is actually a text that you want to work with for this project. [[''Go to the primary source''->Book-Google-Racism-Primary]] ]

(background:#f8f7ed)[ ''Try to find secondary sources about the movie first'' You decide to explore some more secondary sources, even though this is still pretty early in the research process. You know that you could just continue to do more internet searches on Tarzan, but you figure that maybe you’ll have more luck if you look in a more “scholarly” resource, like a library catalog or database. You remember that you got interested in Tarzan to begin with because of that podcast, and the theme of that was racism and Tarzan, so you decide to use those as keywords. You look on the <a href="https://guides.lib.uci.edu/humcore/home" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Humanities Core Research Guide</a>, and based on the descriptions of various databases, you figure you should just start with <a href="https://uci.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/search?vid=01CDL_IRV_INST:UCI&sortby=rank" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">UC Library Search</a>, which seems to be the UCI library catalog. However, you decide to start with a search for racism and Tarzan in <a href="https://scholar.google.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Google Scholar</a> instead, because that seems simpler to start with... [[''Continue''->Movie-Google-Secondary-Wrong]] ]

(background:#f8f7ed)[ You start to read some articles, but realize that none of them are really talking about the Disney film, //Tarzan//. You don’t really know what to do, and you feel really overwhelmed by all of the information you found. You don’t know how to narrow it down to something useful, and honestly, you’re starting to feel anxious. Maybe you just need to stop researching and watch the movie? Or maybe you need to pick another primary source? Or maybe you should make an appointment to talk to a librarian? You’re not sure what to do. ''What do you want to do next?'' * [[Go and watch the movie->Movie-Primary]] * [[Talk to a librarian.->Librarian]] ]

(background:#f8f7ed)[ ''Track down a title you already know about'' You decide to track down a title you already know about. After all, you figure that any time you see a list of references that a professor has put together, you should at least check them out. Who knows - they may lead you somewhere! The //Humanities Core Handbook// chapter definitely doesn’t have anything about Tarzan, but there was one chapter called “Power, Prejudice, Predators, and Pets: Representation in Animated Animal Films” from the book //Palgrave Handbook of Children’s Film and Television//. You decide to give this a shot. You take a quick look at the <a href="https://guides.lib.uci.edu/humcore/home" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Humanities Core Research Guide</a> for some descriptions of various databases. You decide to start with the <a href="https://uci.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/search?vid=01CDL_IRV_INST:UCI&sortby=rank" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">UCI library catalog, called UC Library Search</a>, because the description says that this tool will look for books and also articles. You type in the book title, //Palgrave Handbook of Children’s Film and Television//. <img src="images/Palgrave-Handbook.png" alt="UCI Library Search result displays online availability of book Palgrave Handbook of Children's Film and Television" /> Fortunately, this book seems to be available online. [[''Open the Book''->Movie-Primary-Analysis-Inf-Gender-Bib-2]] ]

(background:#f8f7ed)[ ''Search for secondary sources using keywords'' You decide to do a keyword search to explore whether there are some secondary sources out there that might help you get a handle on this topic. You first organize some keywords, and first consult with the <a href="https://sites.google.com/uci.edu/humcore-research/toolkit/keywords " target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Humanities Core Research Tutorial</a> site to refresh your memory about keywords. Obviously your first keyword is “Disney.” But the idea of “patriarchy” might also include related concepts like “gender,” and so it might be useful to use a database that has an advanced search feature that allows you to group related keywords together. You aren’t really sure where to start, but since you have already done a simple internet search, you decide to use a library resource this time. You take a quick look at the <a href="https://guides.lib.uci.edu/humcore/home" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Humanities Core Research Guide</a> for some descriptions of various databases. You decide to start with the UCI library catalog, called <a href="https://uci.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/search?vid=01CDL_IRV_INST:UCI&sortby=rank" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">UC Library Search</a>, because the description says that this tool will look for books and also articles. Since you don’t really know what type of secondary source you’re looking for yet, you figure this might be a good place to start. [[''Continue''->Movie-Primary-Analysis-Inf-Gender-Key-2]] ]

(background:#f8f7ed)[ ''Track down a title you already know about'' You decide to track down a title you already know about. After all - you figure that any time you see a list of references that a professor has put together, you should at least check them out. Who knows - they may lead you somewhere! The //Core Handbook// chapter definitely doesn’t have anything about Tarzan, but there was one chapter called “Power, Prejudice, Predators, and Pets: Representation in Animated Animal Films” from the book //Palgrave Handbook of Children’s Film and Television//. You decide to give this a shot. You take a quick look at the <a href="https://guides.lib.uci.edu/humcore/home" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Humanities Core Research Guide</a> for some descriptions of various databases. You decide to start with the <a href="https://uci.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/search?vid=01CDL_IRV_INST:UCI&sortby=rank" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">UCI library catalog, called UC Library Search</a>, because the description says that this tool will look for books and also articles. You type in the book title, //Palgrave Handbook of Children’s Film and Television//. <img src="images/Palgrave-Handbook.png" alt=""UC Library Search result displays online availability of book Palgrave Handbook of Children's Film and Television" /> Fortunately, this book seems to be available online. [[''Open the Book''->Movie-Primary-Analysis-Inf-Race-Bib-2]] ]

(background:#f8f7ed)[ ''Search for secondary sources using keywords'' You decide to do a keyword search to explore whether there are some secondary sources out there that might help you get a handle on this topic. You first organize some keywords and consult with the <a href="https://sites.google.com/uci.edu/humcore-research/toolkit/keywords " target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Humanities Core Research Tutorial</a> site to refresh your memory about keywords. Obviously your first keyword is “Disney.” You also want to use the word “racism,” but you also realize that the word “race” might not come up in a search unless you include that term also. You aren’t really sure where to start, but since you have already done a simple internet search, you decide to use a library resource this time. You take a quick look at the <a href="https://guides.lib.uci.edu/humcore/home" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Humanities Core Research Guide</a> for some descriptions of various databases. You decide to start with the UCI library catalog, called <a href="https://uci.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/search?vid=01CDL_IRV_INST:UCI&sortby=rank" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">UC Library Search</a>, because the description says that this tool will look for books and also articles. Since you don’t really know what type of secondary source you’re looking for yet, you figure this might be a good place to start. [[''Continue''->Movie-Primary-Analysis-Inf-Race-Key-2]] ]

(background:#f8f7ed)[ ''You're well on your way!'' At this point, you are well on your way in terms of getting your research started. You probably have a viable primary source to work with (the 1999 Disney film, //Tarzan//), and you have done a preliminary scan of some secondary sources, so you have a bit of an idea of what’s “out there.” These won’t be your final sources, but you have a sense that there are sources you can start to engage with. You should now start to think about what claims you might want to make about this work based on your research and analysis so far. Once you have that worked out, you can start to sketch out what evidence you find in your primary source analysis to support your claims. You can also continue to look into what kinds of scholarly conversations are already out there about aspects in your paper that you’ve identified. You might also want to review some of the various theoretical and methodological frameworks you’ve learned in core (e.g. ethnography, gender studies, historical analysis, comparative analysis) and think about what approaches interest you the most, or would advance your claims the best. ''//You// control the direction of your inquiry at this point.'' You can go back over some of the choices you made in this tutorial and follow different paths. You should also expect to go back and do some of these paths again (e.g. searching with keywords, or looking up bibliographies) at a later stage in your research. [[''Resources for You''->Resources For You]] ]

(background:#f8f7ed)[ You decide to just add “Tarzan” as an additional keyword to your search: <img src="images/Search-Disney-Race-Tarzan.png" alt="UC Library Search bars filled with search terms Disney racism or race and Tarzan" /> When you do this, you locate an article called “US: Me Disney, you Tarzan” in the journal //Race and Class// (2000). This article links to other related articles. You feel like doing this scan gave you a sense that there is definitely a scholarly conversation on gender issues and Disney that you could tap into later if you chose to. You make a note that you can return to some of these titles later. Do you want to keep exploring more secondary sources? You had this idea to track down some titles that were mentioned in the //Core Handbook//... Or do you want to stop for now and take stock of what you’ve done so far with this research process? If you’re going to pursue using the Disney film //Tarzan// as your primary source, then you will need to start thinking about what kinds of claims or arguments you’re going to make... ''What do you want to do next to advance this project? '' * [[Track down more sources you already know about->Movie-Primary-Analysis-Inf-Race-Bib]] * Stop looking up secondary sources for now, and [[start thinking about the next stage of the research process ->Movie-Yay]] ]

(background:#f1eee8)[ At this point, you feel pretty good about the viability of this text as a primary source, and you are fairly confident that you want to continue to explore the theme of racism in this text. You aren’t yet sure what claims you are going to make. You could start to do some exploratory context or secondary source research on Tarzan or some of the themes you encountered so far in the text (such as the history of lynching in America and the context for that in 1914 when //Tarzan// was published). Another thing you might do is to expand the scope of your research paper into doing a comparative study of how a theme like racism in Tarzan is presented in two different versions - maybe by comparing this novel to the Disney film? ''What path do you want to explore next?'' * [[Exploratory context/secondary source research->Book-Primary-Racism-Sec]] on Tarzan * [[Consider the movie adaptation->Movie-Transition]] of Tarzan as a possible point of comparison ]

(background:#f1eee8)[ Two chapters stand out as potential places to start with close readings, but they seem to be related to two different themes. ''Chapter 9'' describes Tarzan encountering other humans for the first time, who happen to belong to an indigenous African tribe. You are very struck by the fact that the name “Tarzan” is supposed to mean “white skin,” and how this chapter in particular seems to show how racism works as a power structure vis-a-vis Tarzan’s encounters with apes and Black indigenous humans. ''Chapter 20'', on the other hand, describes Tarzan’s interactions with Jane, a white European woman. In this chapter you are struck by how Tarzan’s manhood and Jane’s womanhood are constructed in stereotypical ideals of masculine and feminine bodies, and how they are presented as “human” male and female characters because of their understanding of Western civilization. ''While there are many other potential passages to analyze, which of these two do you decide to examine first?'' * [[Chapter 9 - ''exploring racism''->Book-Primary-Racism]] in Tarzan’s encounters with another tribe * [[Chapter 20 - ''exploring gender construction''->Book-Primary-Gender]] in Tarzan’s encounters with Jane ]

(background:#f1eee8)[ ''Looking into //Manliness and Civilization: A Cultural History of Gender and Race in the United States, 1880-1917//'' When you open the book, you find an entire chapter about Tarzan and how it constructs both race and masculinity. You wonder if this chapter also has a bibliography that can lead you to other resources, and you find out that it does! You find leads to several other sources, such as a chapter called “Victorians and Africans: The Genealogy of the Myth of the Dark Continent” in the book //“Race,” Writing, and Difference// edited by Henry Louis Gates, Jr. You feel like doing this scan gave you a sense of how some scholars are talking about Tarzan with regard to race, and it gives you a short list of secondary sources that you might want to return to later. But you still aren’t quite sure if you are ready to start making your own claims yet. It occurs to you that you still don’t really know a whole lot about the context of race in 1914, when this novel was published... ''What do you want to do next to advance this project?'' * Do more background research on the [[historical context of race in the US around 1914->Book-Primary-Racism-Sec-Hist]] * Keep exploring some other [[secondary sources by using keywords->Book-Primary-Racism-Sec-Key]] ]

(background:#f1eee8)[ ''Keyword Search for Tarzan and race in UC Library Search'' You click on “Advanced Search,” and enter in your keywords in two groups: Tarzan Racism OR race <img src="images/Search-Tarzan-Race.png" alt="UC Library Search bars filled with keywords Tarzan and racism or race" /> You start to scan a few pages of results, and you find some pretty interesting titles, like the book //Cannibal Fictions: American Explorations of Colonialism, Race, Gender and Sexuality// by Jeff Berglund (2006) and the article “Tarzan as a cultural prism: Ideological Associations in Edgar Rice Burroughs’s //Tarzan of the Apes//” by Nora Hadi Q. Alseed in the //International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature// (2013). You feel like doing this scan gave you a sense of how some scholars are talking about Tarzan with regard to race, and it gives you a short list of secondary sources that you might want to return to later. But you still aren’t quite sure if you are ready to start making your own claims yet. It occurs to you that you still don’t really know a whole lot about the context of race in 1914, when this novel was published... ''What’s your next strategy?'' * Do more background research on the [[historical context of race in the US around 1914->Book-Primary-Racism-Sec-Hist]] * Keep doing more secondary source research. This time, [[track down a title you already know about->Book-Primary-Racism-Sec-Bib]] ]

(background:#f1eee8)[ At this point, you feel pretty good about the viability of this text as a primary source, and you are fairly confident that you want to continue to explore the theme of gender construction in this text, and maybe how it intersects with other themes. You aren’t yet sure what claims you are going to make. You could start to do some exploratory context or secondary source research on Tarzan or some of the themes you encountered so far in the text. Another thing you might do is to expand the scope of your research paper into doing a comparative study of how a theme like gender construction in Tarzan is presented in two different versions - maybe by comparing this novel to the Disney film? ''What path do you want to explore next?'' * [[Explore context->Book-Primary-Gender-Sec]] and do secondary source research on Tarzan * [[Consider the movie adaptation->Movie-Transition]] of Tarzan as a possible point of comparison. ]

(background:#f1eee8)[ ''Looking into //Manliness and Civilization: A Cultural History of Gender and Race in the United States, 1880-1917//'' When you open the book, you find an entire chapter about Tarzan and how it constructs both race and masculinity. The bibliography for this chapter also cites several other sources, and says “David Leverenz has located Tarzan as one of a long series of American cultural heroes who represent the last gasp of an endangered overcivilized manhood in his excellent essay, “The Last Real Man in America: From Natty Bumppo to Batman,” //American Literary History// 3 (Winter 1991): 42-72." At this point you’re feeling like you’ve gone down this path of exploring secondary sources, and located a few that you think maybe you can return to a bit later (after all, you’re still just exploring these ideas!). Do you want to keep exploring more secondary sources? Or do you think it’s better to stop for now and to take stock of what you’ve done so far with this research process? If you’re going to pursue using //Tarzan of the Apes// as your primary source, then you will need to start thinking about what kinds of claims or arguments you’re going to make... ''What do you want to do next to advance this project?'' * Keep exploring some other [[secondary sources by using keywords->Book-Primary-Gender-Sec-Key]] * Stop looking up secondary sources for now, and [[start thinking about the next stage of the research process->Book-Yay]] ]

(background:#f1eee8)[ ''Keyword Search for Tarzan and gender in UC Library Search'' You click on “Advanced Search,” and enter in your keywords in two groups: Tarzan Gender OR masculinity <img src="images/Search-Tarzan-Gender.png" alt="UC Library Search bars filled with keywords Tarzan and gender or masculinity" /> You start to scan the first few pages of results, and you find some pretty interesting titles, like the book //Houdini, Tarzan, and the Perfect Man: The White Male Body and the Challenge of Modernity in America// by John F. Kasson (2001) and the article “Grotesquely Becoming: Tarzan’s Queer Hominization” by Mikko Tuhkanen in the journal //Diacritics// (2016). You feel like doing this scan gave you a sense of how some scholars are talking about Tarzan with regard to gender, and it gives you a short list of secondary sources that you might want to return to later. Do you want to keep exploring more secondary sources? Or do you think it’s better to stop for now and to take stock of what you’ve done so far with this research process? If you’re going to pursue using the novel //Tarzan of the Apes// as your primary source, then you will need to start thinking about what kinds of claims or arguments you’re going to make... ''Now, what do you want to do next?'' * Keep doing more background research. This time, [[track down a title you already know about->Book-Primary-Gender-Sec-Bib]] * Stop looking up secondary sources for now, and [[start thinking about the next stage of the research process->Book-Yay]] ]

(background:#f1eee8)[ ''Looking into //Manliness and Civilization: A Cultural History of Gender and Race in the United States, 1880-1917//'' When you open the book, you find an entire chapter about Tarzan and how it constructs both race and masculinity. You wonder if this chapter also has a bibliography that can lead you to other resources, and you find out that it does! You find leads to several other sources, such as a chapter called “Victorians and Africans: The Genealogy of the Myth of the Dark Continent” in the book //“Race,” Writing, and Difference// edited by Henry Louis Gates, Jr. At this point you’re feeling like you’ve gone down this path of exploring secondary sources, and located a few that you think maybe you can return to a bit later (after all, you’re still just exploring these ideas!). Maybe it’s time to do a more careful analysis of the Tarzan novel? After all, you still don’t know for sure if that particular text is going to be your primary source. But you are kind of on a roll here with looking up secondary sources... ''What do you want to do next to advance this project?'' * [[Go back to the book and read it more closely->Book-Google-Racism-Primary]] * Keep doing more background research. [[Explore the historical context of race in the US->Book-Google-Racism-Hist]] when Tarzan was written (1914) * Keep doing more background research. This time, [[search for additional information using keywords->Book-Google-Racism-Key]] ]

(background:#f1eee8)[ ''Keyword Search for Tarzan and race in Library Search'' You click on “Advanced Search,” and enter your keywords in two groups: Tarzan Racism OR race <img src="images/Search-Tarzan-Race.png" alt="UC Library Search bars filled with keywords Tarzan and racism or race" /> You start to scan a couple pages of results, and you find some pretty interesting titles, like the book //Cannibal Fictions: American Explorations of Colonialism, Race, Gender and Sexuality// by Jeff Berglund (2006) and the article “Tarzan as a cultural prism: Ideological Associations in Edgar Rice Burroughs’s //Tarzan of the Apes//” by Nora Hadi Q. Alseed in the //International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature// (2013). So, this scan seemed to be productive - you feel like you can return to some of these sources later (after all, you’re still just exploring these ideas!). Maybe it’s time to do a more careful analysis of the Tarzan novel? After all, you still don’t know for sure if that particular text is going to be your primary source. But you are kind of on a roll here with looking up secondary sources... ''What’s your next strategy for advancing this project?'' * [[Go back to the book and read it more closely->Book-Google-Racism-Primary]] * Do more background research on the [[historical context of race in the US around 1914->Book-Google-Racism-Hist]] * Keep doing more secondary source research. This time, [[track down a title you already know about->Book-Google-Racism-Bib]] ]

(background:#f1eee8)[ ''Looking into //Manliness and Civilization: A Cultural History of Gender and Race in the United States, 1880-1917//'' When you open the book, you find an entire chapter about Tarzan and how it constructs both race and masculinity. The bibliography for this chapter also cites several other sources, and says “David Leverenz has located Tarzan as one of a long series of American cultural heroes who represent the last gasp of an endangered overcivilized manhood in his excellent essay, “The Last Real Man in America: From Natty Bumppo to Batman,” //American Literary History// 3 (Winter 1991): 42-72.” At this point you’re feeling like you’ve gone down this path of exploring secondary sources, and located a few that you think maybe you can return to a bit later (after all, you’re still just exploring these ideas!). Maybe it’s time to do a more careful analysis of the Tarzan novel? After all, you still don’t know for sure if that particular text is going to be your primary source. But you are kind of on a roll here with looking up secondary sources... ''What do you want to do next to advance this project?'' * [[Go back to the book and read it more closely->Book-Google-Gender-Primary]] * Keep doing more background research. This time, [[search for additional information using keywords->Book-Google-Gender-Key]] ]

(background:#f1eee8)[ ''Keyword Search for Tarzan and gender in UC Library Search'' You click on “Advanced Search,” and enter in your keywords in two groups: Tarzan Gender OR masculinity <img src="images/Search-Tarzan-Gender.png" alt="UCI Library Search bar filled with keywords Tarzan and gender or masculinity" /> You start to scan the first few pages of results, and you find some pretty interesting titles, like the book //Houdini, Tarzan, and the Perfect Man: The White Male Body and the Challenge of Modernity in America// by John F. Kasson (2001) and the article “Grotesquely Becoming: Tarzan’s Queer Hominization” by Mikko Tuhkanen in the journal //Diacritics// (2016). So, this scan seemed to be productive - you feel like you can return to some of these sources later (after all, you’re still just exploring these ideas!). Maybe it’s time to do a more careful analysis of the Tarzan novel? After all, you still don’t know for sure if that particular text is going to be your primary source. But you are kind of on a roll here with looking up secondary sources… ''What’s your next strategy for advancing this project?'' * [[Go back to the book and read it more closely->Book-Google-Gender-Primary]] * Keep doing more background research. This time, [[track down a title you already know about->Book-Google-Gender-Bib]] ]

(background:#f8f7ed)[ After some thought, you make a short list of potential topics to pursue. One of them is the idea that this film presents patriarchy as a “natural” power structure in both humans and animals. Another idea is that the film has a Eurocentric view of “human civilization,” especially in how Tarzan is presented as “other,” both by the gorillas as well as by the humans at first (he is referred to as the “wild man” by Jane). You’re also thinking that maybe you want to check out the novel version of Tarzan. After all, you are still interested in the question of race and Tarzan, which is why you chose this topic to begin with. It doesn’t seem like this Disney film is engaging with race that overtly. Why is that? If you examine the original text, you might be able to make a comparison between the text and the Disney adaptation, and make a claim about what Disney chooses //not// to say... ''What do you want to do next?'' * [[Explore the idea of patriarchy in Tarzan->Movie-Primary-Analysis-Inf-Gender]] * [[Explore the idea of Eurocentrism in Tarzan->Movie-Primary-Analysis-Inf-Race]] * [[Leave the film for now and go check out the novel->Book-Intro]] ]

(background:#f8f7ed)[ ''Looking in the //Palgrave Handbook of Children’s Film and Television//'' When you open the book, you are pleasantly surprised! You find several chapters related to gender stereotyping, including one called “Perpetuating Gender Stereotypes from Birth: Analysis of TV Programs for Viewers in Diapers.” When you open this chapter up, you find a rich bibliography, including Beth Hentges and Kim Case’s 2012 article, “Gender Representations on Disney Channel, Cartoon Network, and Nickelodeon Broadcasts in the United States” published in the //Journal of Children and Media//. This all feels promising, especially for now, since you’re just exploring secondary sources. You make a note that you can return to this book later and you save the permalink to this book. Do you want to keep exploring more secondary sources? You had this idea to look up the keywords Disney and patriarchy… Or do you want to stop for now and take stock of what you’ve done so far with this research process? If you’re going to pursue using the Disney film //Tarzan// as your primary source, then you will need to start thinking about what kinds of claims or arguments you’re going to make... ''What do you want to do next to advance this project?'' * [[Keep exploring some other secondary sources->Movie-Primary-Analysis-Inf-Gender-Key]] about Disney and patriarchy using keywords * Stop looking up secondary sources for now, and [[start thinking about the next stage of the research process->Movie-Yay]] ]

(background:#f8f7ed)[ ''Keyword Search for Disney and gender in Library Search'' You click on “Advanced Search” and enter your keywords in two groups: Disney Patriarchy OR gender <img src="images/Search-Disney-Patriarchy.png" alt="UC Library Search bars filled with keywords Disney and patriarchy or gender" /> You scan the first few pages of results, and you find some interesting titles, including one called //Handsome Heroes and Vile Villains: Men in Disney’s Feature Animation// by Amy Davis (2013), and another book called //Diversity in Disney Films: Critical Essays on Race, Ethnicity, Gender, Sexuality, and Disability// (2013). You feel like doing this scan gave you a sense that there is definitely a scholarly conversation on gender issues and Disney that you could tap into later if you chose to. You make a note that you can return to some of these titles later. Do you want to keep exploring more secondary sources? You had this idea to track down some titles that were mentioned in the //Core Handbook//... Or do you want to stop for now and take stock of what you’ve done so far with this research process? If you’re going to pursue using the Disney film //Tarzan// as your primary source, then you will need to start thinking about what kinds of claims or arguments you’re going to make... ''What do you want to do next to advance this project?'' * [[Keep exploring some other secondary sources|Movie-Primary-Analysis-Inf-Gender-Bib]] by tracking down titles from the //Core Handbook// * Stop looking up secondary sources for now, and [[start thinking about the next stage of the research process|Movie-Yay]] ]

(background:#f8f7ed)[ ''Looking in the //Palgrave Handbook of Children’s Film and Television//'' When you open the book, you are pleasantly surprised! You find the chapter “Power, Prejudice, Predators, and Pets: Representation in Animated Animal Films,” and discover that this chapter examines the topic of race and racism in several Disney films. The chapter also has a rich bibliography, including a book by Douglas Brode called //Multiculturalism and the Mouse: Race and Sex in Disney Entertainment//, as well as an book chapter by Khely R. Willets called “Cannibals and Coons: Blackness in the Early Days of Walt Disney” in the book //Diversity in Disney Films: Critical Essays on Race, Ethnicity, Gender, Sexuality and Disability//, edited by Johnson Cheu. This all feels promising, especially for now, since you’re just exploring secondary sources. You make a note that you can return to this book later and you save the permalink to this book. Do you want to keep exploring more secondary sources? You had this idea to look up the keywords Disney and racism… Or do you want to stop for now and take stock of what you’ve done so far with this research process? If you’re going to pursue using the Disney film //Tarzan// as your primary source, then you will need to start thinking about what kinds of claims or arguments you’re going to make... ''What do you want to do next to advance this project?'' * Keep exploring some other [[secondary sources using keywords, especially around Disney and racism->Movie-Primary-Analysis-Inf-Race-Key]] * Stop looking up secondary sources for now, and [[start thinking about the next stage of the research process->Movie-Yay]] ]

(background:#f8f7ed)[ ''Keyword Search for Disney and racism in UC Library Search'' You click on “Advanced Search” and enter your keywords in two groups: Disney Racism OR race <img src="images/Search-Disney-Race.png" alt="UC Library Search bars filled with keywords Disney and racism or race" /> You scan the first few pages of results, and you do find some interesting titles, including one called //Diversity in Disney Films: Critical Essays on Race, Ethnicity, Gender, Sexuality and Disability// edited by Johnson Cheu. This looks promising. But you also notice that you have thousands and thousands of results, and you wonder if you can refine these by adding “Tarzan” as another keyword. [[''Refine Your Search''->Movie-Primary-Analysis-Inf-Race-Key-Refine]] ]